Clomiphene (clomiphene citrate): what it does and how to use it

Clomiphene is a medicine most commonly used to trigger ovulation in women who have trouble ovulating. Doctors often prescribe it for infertility linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or irregular cycles. It works by blocking estrogen receptors in the brain, which tells the body to increase hormones that stimulate the ovaries.

Typical dosing starts at 50 mg daily for five days, usually beginning on day three, four, or five of a menstrual cycle. If ovulation doesn't occur, the dose can be raised to 100 mg daily in a later cycle. Treatment cycles usually last three to six attempts under medical supervision. Always follow your doctor's instructions and never increase the dose on your own.

What to expect and how to monitor

You may ovulate within a week or two after taking clomiphene. Your clinic may track ovulation with blood tests, ultrasound, or home ovulation kits. Common side effects are hot flashes, mood swings, breast tenderness, and mild nausea. If you experience sudden vision changes, severe abdominal pain, or signs of an allergic reaction, get urgent medical help.

Clomiphene slightly raises the chance of multiple pregnancy, most often twins. Your doctor will discuss this risk before you start. If you become pregnant, stop taking clomiphene and follow up with your healthcare provider.

Other uses, interactions, and safety

Men with low testosterone sometimes use clomiphene off-label to boost natural hormone production. It can increase sperm count and testosterone by stimulating the body's hormone signals. However, men should only use it under a doctor’s guidance because dosing and monitoring differ from women.

Clomiphene can interact with other hormone treatments and certain medications. Tell your provider about all drugs, supplements, and medical conditions, especially liver disease or uncontrolled thyroid problems. Avoid using clomiphene if you have unexplained uterine bleeding or known ovarian cysts unrelated to PCOS.

Before starting treatment, your provider will likely run blood tests and an ultrasound to confirm it's appropriate. They will also explain timing, fertility advice, and when to seek help. If you are buying medicine online, use a reputable pharmacy and keep copies of prescriptions. Counterfeit or substandard pills may not work and can be harmful.

Clomiphene works well for many people but not everyone. If three to six cycles don't lead to pregnancy, your doctor may suggest other fertility treatments like letrozole, injectable hormones, or referral to a fertility specialist. Ask about side effects, monitoring plans, and realistic success rates for your situation.

Practical tips: track your cycle with a calendar or app, time intercourse around ovulation, and avoid smoking or excessive alcohol while trying. Keep a list of questions for each clinic visit and bring a partner if you want support. If cost or access is an issue, ask your provider about generic clomiphene options, patient assistance programs, or local infertility clinics that offer sliding scale fees. Always report side effects promptly and discuss long term plans if fertility goals are not met within planned cycles.